前言

本文汇总了关于苏联海军的美国资料,主要来自海军情报局(Office of Naval Intelligence, ONI)和中央情报局(Central Intelligence Agency, CIA)的档案,其中最有价值的一手资料是《苏联海军作战条令》

海军情报局(ONI)

海军情报局官网
https://www.oni.navy.mil

NARA记录组
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/6273953

《理解苏联海军的发展》

《理解苏联海军的发展》(Understanding Soviet Naval Developments)由海军情报局撰写,从1974年到1991年总共出版了6个版本。

第1版(1974年)
暂缺

第2版(1975年)
https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/zYUkCoQ-YV4C
https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/cjQvAAAAMAAJ

第3版(1978年)
https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/RfrEAAAAMAAJ

第4版(1981年)
https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/3445Ymn2Cr8C
https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/iSjy36v6gZ0C
https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/cTQvAAAAMAAJ

第5版(1985年)
https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/DGHzABmLCbAC
https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/AUwSAAAAYAAJ
https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/9dcrgwWEF70C
https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/9dcrgwWEF70C

第6版(1991年)
https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-D201-PURL-LPS106117
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/tr/ADA248966
https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/T6SmC6FY0BsC
https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/I9tJduXoLqcC
https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/_JvfAAAAMAAJ

《俄罗斯海军:历史性的转型》

海军情报局在冷战时期出版了6版《理解苏联海军的发展》,并在2015年出版了《俄罗斯海军:历史性的转型》(The Russian Navy - A Historic Transition),作为前者的延续。

https://www.oni.navy.mil/ONI-Reports/Foreign-Naval-Capabilities/Russia/
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD1011686
https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-D201-PURL-gpo64244

中央情报局(CIA)

NARA记录组
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/590

中央情报局官网
https://www.cia.gov

中央情报局在2017年公布了一批关于冷战苏联海军的档案。这批档案的时间范围涵盖了1960年代到1980年代,内容涉及苏联海军的战略、战术和技术能力。
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/collection/cia-analysis-soviet-navy

《苏联海军:冷战中的情报和分析》

《苏联海军:冷战中的情报和分析》(Soviet Navy - Intelligence and Analysis During the Cold War)由美国中央情报局编写,记录了冷战时期中央情报局搜集和分析苏联海军的历史。本书中提到的文件曾经被提供给美国总统、副总统、国防部长、国务卿和其他内阁成员等美国决策者,并用于评估冷战期间华沙条约组织的政治和军事战略。得益于中央情报局的解密,许多文件已经可以通过互联网获取。

https://www.cia.gov/resources/publications/soviet-navy-intelligence-and-analysis-during-the-cold-war/
https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-PREX3-PURL-gpo121363

《国家情报评估》

《国家情报评估》(National Intelligence Estimate, NIM)是美国情报部门在冷战时期出版的情报报告,供美国高级官员了解外国情报。

NARA的《国家情报评估》和相关报告(可以全部在线获取)
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/6942952

其中关于苏联海军和苏联商船队的档案摘录如下:

NIE 11-10-69, Trends and prospects in Soviet Maritime Activities, 12 June 1969
苏联海上活动的趋势和前景,1969年6月12日
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7327065

IIR, Prospects for Soviet Success in Improving Detection of Submarines in Open Ocean Areas, November 1974
苏联在提高公海潜艇探测能力方面取得成功的前景,1974年11月
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7327317

NIE 11-15-74, Soviet Naval Policy and Programs, 23 December 1974
苏联海军政策和项目,1974年12月23日
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7327202
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/0000278529

NIO IIM 76-012J, Soviet Approaches to Defense Against Ballistic Missile Submarines and Prospects for Success, March 1976
苏联防御弹道导弹潜艇的策略及其成功前景,1976年3月
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7327287

NI IIM 76-035, Prospects for Soviet Naval Access to Mediterranean Shore Facilities, 2 August 1976
苏联海军获得地中海沿岸设施的前景,1976年8月2日
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7327324

NI IIM 77-011, The Emerging Role of the Soviet Merchant Fleet in World Shipping, April 1977
苏联商船队在世界航运中的新兴作用,1977年4月
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7327325

NI IIM 80-10010JX, The Readiness of Soviet Naval Forces, June 1980
苏联海军的备战情况,1980年6月
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7327291

NIE 11-15-82/D, Soviet Naval Strategy and Programs Through 1990s, March 1983
1990年代的苏联海军战略和项目,1983年3月
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7327153

NIE 11-15-84/D, Soviet Naval Strategy and Programs Through the 1990s, March 1985
1990年代的苏联海军战略和项目,1985年3月
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7327308

SNIE 11-20-84/D, Soviet Submarine Warfare Trends, March 1985
苏联潜艇战趋势,1985年3月
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7327306

SNIE 11-20-84JXW, Soviet Submarine Warfare Trends, January 1987
苏联潜艇战趋势,1987年1月
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7327349

其他CIA档案

Training and Supply Centres of the Soviet Navy
苏联海军的训练和补给中心
1955年6月
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/349243384
1959年6月
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/502849918

Red Nautilus Under Way (Estimating an Operational Date for the First Soviet Nuclear Submarine)
航行中的红色鹦鹉螺(苏联首艘核潜艇的服役日期估计)
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7283636

《苏联海军作战条令》

《工农红军海军部队临时作战条令(1937)》

https://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p4013coll8/id/5174/
https://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p4013coll8/id/5341/

《海军战役临时条令(1940)》

https://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p4013coll8/id/5343/
https://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p4013coll8/id/5171/

《苏联军事-海军舰队作战条令(1945)》

https://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p4013coll8/id/5172/
https://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p4013coll8/id/5342/

《苏联海军作战条令(1983)》

Chapter 1: The Navy and the Fundamentals of Its Combat Employment in Operations
第1章:海军及其作战部署的基本原则
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/0001430691

Chapter 2: The Control of Forces
第2章:部队控制
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/0001430690

Chapter 3: Political Work
第3章:政治工作
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/0001430727

Chapter 4: The Combat Activity of the Division, Brigade, and Regiment
第4章:师、旅、团的作战活动
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/0001430735

Chapter 5: The Combat Activity of the Ship
第5章:舰艇的作战活动
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/0001430732

Chapter 6-8: Combat Actions to Destroy Enemy Submarines, Surface Ships, Land Targets, and Troops
第6-8章:摧毁敌方潜艇、水面舰艇、陆地目标和部队的作战行动
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/0001430734

Chapter 9: Joint Combat Actions of Naval Large Units with Large Units and Units of Other Branches of the Armed Forces
第9章:海军大型单位与武装部队其他军种的单位和大型单位的联合作战行动
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/0001430730

Chapters 10-11: Combat Actions to Defend Basing Areas and Sea Lines of Communication and the Basing and Rebasing (Redeployment) of Large Units and Units
第10-11章:保卫基地区域和海上交通线的作战行动,以及大型单位和单位的基地和更换基地(重新部署)https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/0001430728

Chapter 12: The Support of Combat Actions
第12章:为作战行动提供支援
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/0001430731

其他资料

A History of Russian and Soviet Naval Development
俄罗斯和苏联海军发展史
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA194343

Soviet Naval Strategy and Contemporary Russian Naval Strategy: Implications for U.S. Naval Strategy
苏联海军战略与当代俄罗斯海军战略:对美国海军战略的启示
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD1086931

Soviet Naval Strategy for the Eighties
八十年代的苏联海军战略
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA058279
https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/piK4AAAAIAAJ
https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/ZbpD9TKfxxgC

Strategy and Missions of the Soviet Navy in the Year 2000
苏联海军在2000年的战略和任务
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA047244

Soviet Strategy and the Objectives of Their Naval Presence in the Mediterranean
苏联战略及其地中海海军存在的目标
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA145912

Soviet Naval Operational Art: The Soviet Approach to Naval War Fighting
苏联的海军作战艺术:苏联的海战方式
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA207069

Soviet Naval Operational Art
苏联的海军作战艺术
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA200625

The Close Aboard Bastion: A Soviet Ballistic Missile Submarine Deployment Strategy
近海堡垒:苏联弹道导弹潜艇的部署战略
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA201696

Russian Northern Fleet Bastion Revisited
重新审视俄罗斯北方舰队的堡垒
https://www.usmcu.edu/Outreach/Marine-Corps-University-Press/MCU-Journal/JAMS-Special-Issue-2025/Russian-Northern-Fleet-Bastion-Revisited/

海军史业余研究者,“海军历史”网站站长。
最后更新于 2025-12-14